Pigmentation shows up as dark patches, spots or an uneven skin tone. Melasma is a common type that appears as brown or grey-brown patches, often on the cheeks, forehead and upper lip. A cosmetic dermatologist can tell you which type you have and what will help, but your daily routine matters just as much.
What triggers pigmentation?
- Sun exposure: the biggest trigger. UV light and even visible light can darken existing patches.
- Hormones: pregnancy, birth control pills and hormonal changes are linked with melasma.
- Inflammation: acne, rashes or injuries can leave dark marks behind.
- Heat and some skincare products: irritation can make marks darker.
Daily habits that help
- Use sunscreen every day. Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 30 or higher, apply it generously and reapply every two to three hours when outdoors. Chennai's strong sun makes this essential, even on cloudy days.
- Add physical protection. A hat, sunglasses or an umbrella reduces exposure.
- Keep your routine gentle. Avoid harsh scrubs and do not pick at spots or pimples.
- Do not self-medicate. Strong lightening creams used without advice can irritate the skin or cause long-term problems.
- Be patient. Pigmentation improves slowly, and melasma can return if the triggers continue.
Treatment options
After an examination, a doctor may suggest prescription creams, chemical peels, glutathione-based programmes, laser toning or other options. The choice depends on the depth of pigment, your skin type and your health history. A treatment that works well for one person may not suit another, so a proper plan is important.
When to book a consultation
See a doctor if patches are spreading, if a spot changes in shape, size or colour, or if home care has not helped after a couple of months.